全球地磁感应测深数据三维反演   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李世文  翁爱华  张艳辉  李建平  杨悦  唐裕  邹宗霖  李春成 《地球物理学报》2019,62(5):1908-1920

全球地磁感应测深能获得地幔转换带及下地幔上部的导电结构.但目前稀疏的地磁台站分布及部分台站的观测数据稳定性较差,影响了三维反演对地下电性结构的分辨力和反演可靠性.为此,区别于传统的L2-范数反演方法,本文提出并实现了基于L1-范数的地磁测深响应三维反演技术.在反演中,利用L1-范数度量数据预测误差,降低"飞点"数据的影响,将相关系数较小的C-响应估计也纳入反演数据中.三维正演模拟采用球坐标系下的交错网格有限差分法,反演采用有限内存拟牛顿法.文中利用指数概率密度分布函数构造非高斯噪声的合成数据,并采用棋盘模型对反演方法的可靠性进行了验证.之后,我们将本文提出的三维反演方法用于全球129个地磁观测台站的C-响应数据反演,结果表明在地幔转换带深部,中国东北地区为高导电异常,南欧和北非则均为高阻;夏威夷在900km以下为高导;菲律宾海及以东地区在转换带表现为明显的高阻,这些结果与前人研究结果一致.由于采用了更多的台站数据,我们的反演结果还发现一些新的异常:南美洲南端,转换带表现为明显的高导;澳大利亚东南部,地幔转换带深部,也存在一个明显的高导异常,这些异常分布和地震层析成像的低速区一致.因此,L1-范数三维反演能够充分利用全球C-响应数据信息,提高地磁测深对地球深部电性结构的分辨能力,更好的研究全球地幔电性结构.  相似文献   

Responding to Global Warming: Mitigation Policies and Actions of Stakeholders in China’s Tourism Industry     

FENG Ling  CHEN Da  GAO Shan  WANG Yongzhi  TANG Chengcai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):94-103

China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term cyclic horizontal loading on bucket foundations in saturated loose sand     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A 1-g model experimental study was conducted to investigate the accumulated rotations and unloading stiffness of bucket foundations in saturated loose sand. One-way horizontal cyclic loading was applied to model bucket foundations with embedment ratios 0.5 and 1.0. Up to 10⁴ cycles of loading were applied at a frequency of 0.2 Hz varying load amplitudes. The accumulated rotation of the bucket foundations increased with the number of cycles and the load amplitudes. Empirical equations were proposed to describe the accumulated rotation of the foundations. The unloading stiffness of foundations increased with the number of cycles but decreased with an increase in load amplitude. The initial unloading stiffness of L/D = 1.0 (L is skirt length; D is foundation diameter) was approximately twice that of L/D = 0.5. Excess pore water pressure difference of 50% was observed between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0. The suction and static capacity of the bucket increased with increase of bucket embedment ratio with a difference of 69.5% and 73.6% respectively between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0.  相似文献   

Effect of wave nonlinearity on fatigue damage and extreme responses of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Floating wind turbine has been the highlight in offshore wind industry lately. There has been great effort on developing highly sophisticated numerical model to better understand its hydrodynamic behaviour. A engineering-practical method to study the nonlinear wave effects on floating wind turbine has been recently developed. Based on the method established, the focus of this paper is to quantify the wave nonlinearity effect due to nonlinear wave kinematics by comparing the structural responses of floating wind turbine when exposed to irregular linear Airy wave and fully nonlinear wave. Critical responses and fatigue damage are studied in operational conditions and short-term extreme values are predicted in extreme conditions respectively. In the operational condition, wind effects are dominating the mean value and standard deviation of most responses except floater heave motion. The fatigue damage at the tower base is dominated by wind effects. The fatigue damage for the mooring line is more influenced by wind effects for conditions with small wave and wave effects for conditions with large wave. The wave nonlinearity effect becomes significant for surge and mooring line tension for large waves while floater heave, pitch motion, tower base bending moment and pontoon axial force are less sensitive to the nonlinear wave effect. In the extreme condition, linear wave theory underestimates wave elevation, floater surge motion and mooring line tension compared with fully nonlinear wave theory while quite close results are predicted for other responses.  相似文献   

A Review for the Thermophysics and the Yarkovsky and YORP Effects of Asteroidstwo     

Jiang Hao-xuan  Ji Jiang-hui 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(1):1-22

The thermophysics of asteroids has become an important frontier for the research of asteroids in recent years. In this paper, we have introduced the thermophysical models commonly used in this field, by using these thermophysical models and combining with the data observed by the space or ground-based IR telescopes, some thermophysical parameters of asteroids, such as the thermal inertia, geometric albedo, effective diameter, surface roughness, and surface temperature, etc., can be derived. We have mentioned also the shape model and IR observation of asteroids, as well as the obtained thermophysical parameters for a part of asteroids. These thermophysical parameters can be further applied to studying the asteroids’ Yarkovsky effect, YORP effect, and so on, even can provide the relevant information for the spacecraft landing on the asteroid surface and the return mission of a spacecraft after the asteroid sampling.  相似文献   

基于TCP-InSAR的采动区铁路动态沉降监测与时序分析     

鹿璐  范洪冬  郑美楠  邹昊 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):164-168

为高效获取采动区长时间序列形变，监控煤炭开采对矿区铁路的影响，研究一种基于TCP-InSAR(temporarily coherent point interferometric synthetic aperture radar)的采动区铁路形变监测方法。该方法根据时间序列SAR影像间的相干性，选取临时相干点构建Delaunay三角网，并通过离群值探测去除具有相位模糊度的TCP间的弧段，最后采用最小二乘解算得到区域地表变形。实验使用2016-10~2017-04时间段内的15景Sentinel-1A数据，利用TCP-InSAR技术获得某矿区的铁路形变。结果表明，受采动影响，该时间段内铁路最大下沉值为95 mm，最大倾斜坡度为0.37‰。利用TCP-InSAR技术可实现采动区内铁路长时间的动态形变监测。  相似文献   

Experimental study on a sampling technique based on a freeze-sediments valve for deep-sea microorganism     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Deep-sea microorganism research has become a hot topic in life science, owing to its special value in high pressure and low temperature environment. If not kept the in-situ low temperature and high pressure, it will cause the microorganism to lose its activity and lead to a waste of resources. A freeze-sediments valve presents a promising solution to maintain the low temperature and high pressure in situ, improve the success rate of sampling and shorten the sampling time. A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the freeze-sediments valve, including the sampling time without leakage, adaptation to different sediments and the effect of the length, etc. Most important of all, temperature change of sediments is observed in all experiments. Experimental results indicated that the freeze-sediments valve was formed in 5 min without leakage and the freeze-sediments valve could be applied to different sediments without limitations on sediments type and mineral content. Considering the pressure retaining capacity and formation time of freeze-sediments valve, it was found that the freeze-sediments valve with a length of 60–80 mm has good pressure retaining capacity whose value was 41.3–48.4 Mpa and short formation time which was 5 min. Precooling the sampler could be used to shorten the sampling time in the actual environment application. This sampling technique can play a vital role in maintaining in-situ low temperature at −2 to −4 ° Celsius in all the experiments. According to the tests, the sampling technique based on the freeze-sediments valve had the potential to solve the problem of keeping in-situ temperature, low sampling success rate and long sampling time in the future.  相似文献   

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响     

王海涛  王斌  王伟  章传银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):189-194

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据，根据弹性地壳形变理论，采用移去-恢复法，利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法，计算新疆及周边区域2011~2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响，同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明，大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级，对地面重力的影响可达10 μGal；大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。  相似文献   

蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊及其拆方对AS大鼠ET-1、NO的影响          下载免费PDF全文

郑利珠  张诗意  廖慧玲 《应用海洋学学报》2020,36(12):139

目的：观察蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊及其拆方对动脉粥样硬化（AS）大鼠内皮素（ET）-1和一氧化氮（NO）的影响,并探讨其组方的合理性。方法：随机将110只健康雄性SD大鼠分为11组,分别为空白组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组、全方组和拆方1~7组,每组各10只,除空白组外其余各组均制备AS大鼠模型。阿托伐他汀组大鼠予以阿托伐他汀钙片干预,全方组予以黄芪、桂枝、大血藤、地龙、水蛭干预,拆方1组予以黄芪、桂枝、大血藤干预,拆方2组予以黄芪、地龙、水蛭干预,拆方3组予以黄芪干预,拆方4组予以桂枝、地龙干预,拆方5组予以桂枝、水蛭干预,拆方6组予以大血藤、地龙干预,拆方7组予以大血藤、水蛭干预,于实验第120天后检测各组大鼠治疗前后的血清ET- 1、NO水平。结果：蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊全方组较拆方组降低血清ET-1浓度和提高血清NO浓度的作用更为明显,诸药中影响大鼠血清ET-1、NO含量最显著的是黄芪。结论：蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊全方组中多种药味合用后,对降低AS大鼠血清ET-1和提高NO含量有明显的协同作用,方中多种药物均可保护内皮功能,且影响大鼠血清ET-1、NO含量最显著的药味是黄芪。  相似文献   

北半球热带中太平洋与印度洋海表温度梯度对夏季西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数变化的影响     

方珂  余锦华 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(5):42-51

基于1951—2018年哈德里中心海温资料、美国气象环境预报中心和美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料和第四代欧洲中心汉堡模式, 针对1994年、2018年等西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)生成异常多的年份, 研究了引起TC增加的海表温度异常(SSTA)模态及其影响机制。结果表明, 北半球热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋变冷是夏季西北太平洋TC生成频数增加的主要原因, 北大西洋负三极型式SSTA促使TC生成的进一步增加。热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋冷却在菲律宾以东激发出西风异常和气旋性环流异常。北大西洋负三极型式SSTA在我国南海、菲律宾至东南沿岸激发出气旋性环流异常。前者在西北太平洋中部, 后者在南海产生有利于TC生成的局地环境。1994年和2018年夏季热带中太平洋出现暖SSTA、印度洋为冷SSTA、北大西洋呈现负三极型式SSTA, 西北太平洋TC生成频数极端增多。近30年来, 当出现热带中太平洋增暖和印度洋冷却时, 北大西洋表现出比1989年以前更强的负三极型式SSTA, 使西北太平洋TC生成频数和北半球热带印度洋-太平洋SSTA梯度的线性相关更显著。  相似文献